Medical Condition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder abbreviated as ADHD is a behavioral disorder prevalent among children and often persists into adulthood if untreated. Controversies surround this ailment includes causes and appropriate treatment program available. Since the beginning of1970, treatment and diagnosis of ADHD has remained a debatable issue among teachers, clinicians, policymakers, and the media.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Condition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is difficult to ascertain actuality of ADHD, causes, and effectiveness of stimulant medications prescribed by medics. In America, it is universally accepted by medical practitioners that ADHD is a medical disorder affecting behavioral patterns. In 1998, the American Medical Association concluded that ADHD diagnosis is carried out on the facets of external observable resea rch, which when critically monitored, may lead to a reliable result. Thus, this research essay attempts to confirm that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a medical condition affecting childhood behavior. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD is a behavioral conditional disorder affecting an estimated eight to ten percent of school going children. Generally, this condition is three times likely to affect boys than girls. However, research done so far is unclear on the reasons surrounding the variance of gender in prevalence rate. Reflectively, children suffering from ADHD are prone to acting with improper coordination between action and consequence (Andrew, 2006). Besides, they are hyperactive and not keen to focus on interactive discussion. Though they understand expectations from parents, peers, and teachers, there is serious trouble in interpreting and following the expected due to restlessness. Thus, the victim cannot sit still, attends to fine details, or pay a ttention (Andrew, 2006). As a matter of fact, children of younger age exhibit these behavior characteristics as described when happy, exited, or anxious. It is a common scenario to monitor behavior of younger children when with peers or in the house. However, for ADHD condition, these characteristics are prolonged and occur intently. ADHD ailment impairs the ability of a child to function academically, socially, and at home. From the findings of advanced scientific research, this condition is treatable. The treatment schedule influences ability to learn practical ways of comfortably managing and living with these symptoms (Bee Boyd, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, abbreviated as ADHD or ADD is a disorder of development and growth among children. The onset of ADHD symptoms is at the age before seven years. Globally, infection r ate stands at 3% to 5% among children. Besides, diagnosis rate in school going children is at 2% to 16%. Being a chronic condition, 30% to 50% of the infected children may exhibit persistent symptoms late into adulthood (Bee Boyd, 2011). Notably, adults and adolescents with this condition adopt coping mechanisms as a means of making up for their shortcomings. At present, the statistical estimate of America adults suffering from this ailment is at 4.7 percent (Bee Boyd, 2011). To carry out a standardized and non-biased screening, world bodies such as W.H.O have confirmed this as the official rate of infection. Specific medical conditions associated with ADHD ailment are unknown. However, twin studies reveal that this condition is hereditary with genetic factors accompanying 75% of all infections. In the findings of this research, gene combination affects dopamine transporters associate with behavior determinant code. For instance, LPHN3 gene is believed to influence occurrence of 9% of infections. Besides, environmental factors may contribute to dominance of ADHD in children. Reflectively, tobacco and alcohol exposure at pregnancy may lead to the infant being infected. Nicotine from tobacco depletes oxygen rich blood from reaching the fetus staving it of oxygen (Andrew, 2006). As a result, hypoxia is likely to trigger premature delivery and damage to the baby’s head. Victims of ADHD have prevalent rates of injuries on the head than others. Moreover, infections occurring at delivery and early infantry are also contributory factors. Viruses such as varicella, rubella, measles, and entrerovirus 71 alongside streptococcal infections are secondary agents of ADHD disease (Bee Boyd, 2011). In the findings of the American Medical Association research, carried out in 2007 and 2010, it revealed that insecticides of organophosphate chlorpyrifos form used in treatment of vegetables, affects infant physical and behavioral coordination. Done on a sample of one thousan d and one hundred children of age eight to fifteen, urine samples revealed that those with higher concentration of organic dialkyl, a breakdown product of phosphoric pesticides, were more likely to be infected with ADHD.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Medical Condition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, in a study carried out in 2007 by Southempton linked hyperactivity to sodium benzoate used in America as a food color preservative. Children who consume large quantities of artificial food are at risk of infection. This is because artificial food is often preserved with large quantities of harmful benzoate preservatives. Notwithstanding, the W.H.O has indicated that this ailment is as a result of family dysfunction and inconsistencies in system of education. For instance, complex post Traumatic stress disorder and sensory integration dysfunction may trigge r individual psychopathology climaxing with an onset of ADHD infection (Andrew, 2006). Neglecting or abusing children for a longer period of time may trigger frustrations and overwhelming behavior inconsistency. Patho-physiology reveals that ADHD is associated with the brain malfunctioning. Therefore, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention are symptoms of brain disorder especially in the dorsal anterior cortex. Victims of this ailment exhibits predominant delay in brain response to stimuli causing them to mature at a rate higher than that of normal children (Bee Boyd, 2011). Consistent diagnosis of ADHD infection is inclusive of psychiatric, physical, laboratory, and radiological imaging examinations. For instance, the American Psychiatric Association has classified diagnosis on three facets. These facets explore the symptom characteristics displayed by the victims who are children, teenagers and adults. Irrespective of the age bracket, this ailment displays more or less the sa me symptoms depending on maturity and environmental influences. Classification of ADHD ailment relies on the nature of persistence of symptoms associated with it. For instance, irresponsiveness to impulse control may signify a developmental or growth lag. By use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, scientists and psychologists have discovered an acceptable prefrontal cortex estimating the onset of this ailment between three and five years of age. However, this condition is behavior controlled and not neurological. Psychologists describes ADHD as a disruptive behavioral disorder (Bee Boyd, 2011) consisting of conduct, antisocial, and oppositional defiant disorder (Bee Boyd, 2011). The three subtypes of ADHD include the impulsive, inattentive, and impulsive-inattentive order. Patients who suffer from hyperactive impulsive ADHD are predominantly normal and only display partial symptoms in lifetime. However, those in inattentive class, especially children, experience challenges when interact ing with peers and are prone to retreat into their own world quietly without realizing it. Due to this, this victim may not receive attention from parents, teachers and peers. A combination of impulsive and inattentive types is referred to as a full blown ADHD condition (Andrew, 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In childhood, victims of this condition are easily distracted, forgetful, cannot maintain focus in a single task, easily bored, and seem to be distance when being spoken to. Besides, the victim becomes restless and destructive in the house and at school. Often, parents with children suffering from this ailment do complain of them being over-destructive, inattentive, and struggle to follow simple instructions. When seated, these children squirm a lot and talk nonstop. Within a short time, they dash out and touch everything in sight. In addition, the impaired is prone to restlessness during dinner and story time. Moreover, given the slightest opportunity, the child is likely to remain in motion constantly. Also, when in companion of peers, the impaired is unable to exercise patient in game turns and make inappropriate hurting comments on friends (Bee Boyd, 2011). At teenager, ADHD patient is prone to making careless mistakes in academic work, peer interaction, and decisions. The first symptom is predominant failure to complete homework, exams, and co-curriculum activities. In addition, careless in organizing work of scheme creeps in and forgetful dominate (Andrew, 2006). Moreover, when not in classroom, the impaired is prone to excessive talking accompanied by rebellion when faced by a disagreeing opinion. Generally, there is a feeling of restlessness and an urge to interrupt or intrude a conversation. Regardless of treatment, adolescent victims of full blown ADHD are prone to academic failure. In America alone, 37% of ADHD victims fail to secure high school diploma even when learning in special education programs with only 5% acquiring college degree. Besides, they are at higher risk of injury, auto crashes, earlier conjugal activities, teen pregnancy, and higher expenses on medical treatment (Andrew, 2006). In adults, ADHD infection is characterized by persistent lack of self-motivation and control. As a matter of fact, such an adult is impulsive, inattentive, and hyperactive when interacting with peers. Full blown infection symptoms in adult includes occupational inconsistency, education failure, sexual malfunctioning, poor social relationships, failed marriage, inconsistent dating tendencies, irresponsible parenting, psychological morbidity, frequent drugs and internalized crime activities, and poor financial management skills (Bee Boyd, 2011). Treatment of ADHD consists of psychosocial behavior counseling and therapies such as cognitive, interpersonal, family support, training on social skills, and interventions in school. Besides, short term stimulant medication is by choice. Atomoxetine stimulants are recommended by medics for preschool victims. To manage this condition, an array of medical, behavioral, counseling, and lifestyle modification is the best combination. The hurdles towards ADHD sustainability lies on difficulty to separate its symptoms from other ailments and inefficient training for medical staffs on the best practices of treatment and assessment in patients of adult age (Bee Boyd, 2011). Research indicates that 60% of childhood ADHD infections go into adulthood. However, many of these adults remain untreated. Due to un-treatment, the symptoms develop into disorganization, alcoholism, drug abuse, and chaotic lifestyle. Besides, the victim is at risk of developing anxiety disorder, depression, learning disabilities, and substance abuse. Proper diagnosis may be a solution towards individual insightfulness on behavior and awareness of treatment and coping strategies. However, controversy surrounds the belief that this ailment persist into old age. Among other obstacles to proper diagnosis includes inappropriate diagnosis criteria, comorbidities, and possibility of a link to situational and intelligence levels. Successful treatment in children is a cordial partnership between a doctor, child, and the parents. Stimulant medications are available to calm down the impaired (Bee Boyd, 2011). ADHD affects children and adults. In fact, impact on adults is often devastating on the ability to maintain relationships, work, and family demands. References Andrew, G. (2006). Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Lifespan Development, 2nd Ed. Hightstown: McGraw Hill Contemporary Learning Series. Bee, H Boyd, D. (2011). Lifespan Development, 5th Ed. New York: Pearson Education. This research paper on Medical Condition of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was written and submitted by user Cec1l1a to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Writing an Essay For Your Graduate School Application

Writing an Essay For Your Graduate School ApplicationYou've got that good idea about the amount of applications you want to submit in the next year. It can be difficult, even impossible, to juggle all the possible essays that are floating around. Instead of being frustrated by this type of situation, use a graduate school application essay sample to help you prepare for your future decision.The first step is to find an essay for your graduate school application essay. An essay is usually created based on two things. First, what kind of information does the student have to bring to the attention of the admissions committee?The student will most likely talk about his or her experience. This can be found in something like a college admission essay, a graduate school application essay, or a personal statement. Another thing to think about is the theme of the student's writing.Theme-based essays tend to be more popular. If you're looking to write a theme based essay, try to incorporate a related topic that fits well with the experience of the student. For example, if the student has been involved in the planning and execution of a particular plan, that could become a topic. On the other hand, if the student wrote a novel about an experience that wasn't related to school, it could become a theme.The typical essays tend to contain one or two basic sentences, followed by a paragraph that describes what the student's topic is. Each paragraph is more detailed and short; so the reader has to read several paragraphs before they get to the conclusion. These types of essays are great for getting all the important information across.When considering sentence length, think about how long the sentence will be and whether the reader will have time to think about it. It might be best to shorten sentences, but you don't want to lose the reader's attention. Writing too much can be disorienting.A good way to keep from going crazy is to take some time to think about the format that w ould work best for your graduate school application essay. The best way to decide on this is to look at similar examples of essay topics to see which one you like the best. Once you've chosen a topic, try to write within the guidelines for it to make the most of your experience.

Free Essays on Assyrians a Brief Description

The Assyrians are the indigenous people of Mesopotamia and have a history spanning over 6700 years. Today, the Assyrians are the descendants of the ancient Assyrian Empire and one of the earliest civilizations emerging in Mesopotamia. Although the Assyrian empire ended in 612 B.C., history is replete with recorded details of the continuous persistence of the Assyrian people till the present time. Assyrian civilization at one time incorporated the entire Near East, most notably the area of the Fertile Crescent. The heartland of Assyria lies in present day Northern Iraq. The remains of the ancient capital of Assyria, Nineveh, lie next to Mosul in Northern Iraq. The world’s 4.5 million Assyrians are currently dispersed with members of the Diaspora comprising nearly one-third of the population. Most of the Assyrians in the Diaspora live in North America, Europe, and Australia. The remaining Assyrians reside primarily in Iraq, Syria, Iran, Lebanon, and Turkey. The Assyrians are not to be confused with Syrians. Although the name of Syria is directly derived from Assyria and the land was once a part of Assyria the people of Syria currently maintain a separate Arab identity. The Assyrians are not Arabs, but rather have maintained a continuous and separate identity, language, and culture that predates the Arabization of the Near East. Until today, the Assyrians speak a distinct language, Syriac, the language spoken by Jesus Christ. As a Semitic language, the Assyrian language is related to Hebrew and Arabic but predates both. The Assyrians were the first to accept Christianity in the first century A.D. Despite the subsequent Islamic conquest of the region, the Assyrian Church flourished and its adherents at one time numbered 80,000,000. Assyrian missionary zeal was unmatched and led to the first Christian missions to China and Japan. Today, the Assyrians belong to three major Christian sects: the Church of the East, the Chaldean Churc... Free Essays on Assyrians a Brief Description Free Essays on Assyrians a Brief Description The Assyrians are the indigenous people of Mesopotamia and have a history spanning over 6700 years. Today, the Assyrians are the descendants of the ancient Assyrian Empire and one of the earliest civilizations emerging in Mesopotamia. Although the Assyrian empire ended in 612 B.C., history is replete with recorded details of the continuous persistence of the Assyrian people till the present time. Assyrian civilization at one time incorporated the entire Near East, most notably the area of the Fertile Crescent. The heartland of Assyria lies in present day Northern Iraq. The remains of the ancient capital of Assyria, Nineveh, lie next to Mosul in Northern Iraq. The world’s 4.5 million Assyrians are currently dispersed with members of the Diaspora comprising nearly one-third of the population. Most of the Assyrians in the Diaspora live in North America, Europe, and Australia. The remaining Assyrians reside primarily in Iraq, Syria, Iran, Lebanon, and Turkey. The Assyrians are not to be confused with Syrians. Although the name of Syria is directly derived from Assyria and the land was once a part of Assyria the people of Syria currently maintain a separate Arab identity. The Assyrians are not Arabs, but rather have maintained a continuous and separate identity, language, and culture that predates the Arabization of the Near East. Until today, the Assyrians speak a distinct language, Syriac, the language spoken by Jesus Christ. As a Semitic language, the Assyrian language is related to Hebrew and Arabic but predates both. The Assyrians were the first to accept Christianity in the first century A.D. Despite the subsequent Islamic conquest of the region, the Assyrian Church flourished and its adherents at one time numbered 80,000,000. Assyrian missionary zeal was unmatched and led to the first Christian missions to China and Japan. Today, the Assyrians belong to three major Christian sects: the Church of the East, the Chaldean Churc...

Social Policy Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Policy Analysis - Assignment Example One such reform that is going to be discussed in this paper is the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA). Child Abuse is an issue that is spreading around like a contagion. Though there have been numerous efforts to curb this issue, but the facts revealed from a number of studies show that it is continuously on the rise and is also intensifying with the passage of time (Gil, 1973). Such studies give a disturbing insight into the alarming amount of impact that it is having by plaguing societies. Specifically shedding light on the issue at grass root level, child abuse can be defined as any act that threatens to be harmful to the health and/or welfare of a child. A child, in such a case, generally refers to persons under the age of 18 that are under parental care or in the care of a guardian (Stoltzfus, 2009). The abuse on the other hand in case of child abuse can be anything on part of the parent or caretaker that leads to any sort of emotional or physical harm to the child; or any sort of exploitation or sexual abuse. It even constitutes the domain of neglect on part of the parent/guardian in terms of failure to act that leads to any sort of harm to the child (McClennen, 2010). Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act is a legislation incepted in 1974 in United States pursuing to ensure child protection. It has been reviewed and reformed six times since its inception in efforts to further refine and expand its scope of operations (US Dept of Health and Human Services, 2003). The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act has been crafted in view of various studies that show that there are over a 1000,000 children in America that suffer from abuse and neglect every year, which in turn leave marks due to which they suffer throughout their lives. Most of these children never even receive any sort of treatment or protection from such mishandling. It was only when the enormity of the situation got serious that

The work of Pollock, Newman, Rothko Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The work of Pollock, Newman, Rothko - Essay Example The essay "The work of Pollock, Newman, Rothko" analyzes the ways that late modernist abstract painting has been theorised. The focus is on such artists as Pollock, Newman, Rothko. One of the most vocal critics of Modern art, Clement Greenberg, also became the unwitting champion of this form of art as he wrote about the theories behind its use, the value of art as art and the importance of artistic purity in conveying these concepts in his essay â€Å"Modernist Painting† published in 1961. Also writing about the theories behind the avant-garde artist, Donald Kuspit recently explored the issues of the meaning or import of art especially as it applies to this more ‘pure’ art form. While exploring the theories of these two men regarding the purpose of art and how abstract art is in the best position to convey this purpose, the artwork of Jackson Pollock, Barnett Newman and Mark Rothko will be used as illustrative examples of how to apply these theories. When discussi ng the art practices of the late Modern movement, it is important to include the main ideas associated with the â€Å"politics of representation† that form part of the basis for the methods and theories behind abstract art’s creation and appreciation that are not necessarily separate from the reason or method by which the artist attained his expression. This collective term makes a distinction between the content of an image and the form of the image, or the sublime versus the visual. The reason for this phenomenon being that art is not static.

My granddad who is in his 60s Essay Example for Free

My granddad who is in his 60s Essay Childhood in its simplest term is defined as the period of time that a person is a child, for a something that sounds so simple childhood is an extremely complex concept. No-one’s childhood is ever the same, similar, yes! But our childhood experiences are unique. Affected by many factors such as; personal experiences, personality, restraints (money, rules, laws) , period born, place that we were born, gender etc†¦ . Childhood is understood to be social constructed, therefore the definition of an ‘ideal’ childhood never says the same for long even in the same society expectations of childhood is constantly evolving, circumstances change; new laws are passed, enhancements in science and technology, war all contribute to the social construction of childhood. It is thought as years have passed that the childhood has improved; more toys, more places to go, better education, entering a technological era, greater understanding of health, all are a part of the life we all now know. However, no matter how many toys, recent gadgets, new clothes a child is given is it really any consolation to the loss of quality time with their parents? Money does not grow on trees, and in recent years percentage of both parents having to work has increased dramatically, you are far less likely to see a stay at home mum but two working parents that won’t even be home by the time their children get home from school. It is said that children have become more independent? Partly I agree children do have to spend more time without the company and influence of their family, however, everything else is handed to them on a plate, children now no longer have to work for what they want but get given it as compensation by their parents who no longer have time for their children, does this really show childhood has improved? To investigate how the ideology of childhood has changed over the years, I interviewed my granddad who is in his 60’s, he began to explain how him and his siblings had a structured up bringing parents were strict but reasonable, they all respected each other and his father was the dominant in the household, they all knew there place. He lived in a 2 bedroom house; mum and dad in one room and him and his two brothers in another. Everything was basic, clothes where either second hand or more often than not hand me downs from his elder brother . Toys were not like they are now you had the choice of small figurines or marbles he’s favourite was a small teddy knitted by his mother. However, the majority of the time they entertained themselves by playing with the other children that lived on their street, he stated games are not what they are now you had to use your imagination and be social to have a good time, you could not just sit in front of a computer screen talk to your all friends. His mother was a stay at home mum, she was relied on to keep the house in order and make sure dinner was on the table as their father got in. Every night they would sit around the table to eat and be thankful for whatever they were given, he made it quite clear there was no snacking so you’d saver every last bit. He did go to school, it was small but education was taken seriously by all the students even though it was basic. He had his first job at the age of 16 and had to use the money he earned to buy himself the things he wanted, which taught him at a young age how important the concept of money is. Overall his memories as a child were extremely happy and family orientated. It is clear when comparing the information given in the interview, to the expectations of what childhood is meant to be like in the twenty-first century, peoples childhoods have changed significantly over the years. Although who is to say this change is for the better? Admittedly children now have a much better education and health care but is that really important when they are taken for granted by most. Even though we have progressed greatly in our understanding of science and technology, as well as being given a wider range opportunities and the freedom to express ourselves. We have lost what was once the most important parts of society and that’s family values, no longer is quality time thought of as important, in fact no one, not even children have time for it. Or do they? is the reason our children are so corrupt and confused, is it because they are begging for the attention of their parents who don’t have the time for them. It seems to me even children now are no longer brought in to this world because couples wanting a family but babies are just another step to having this materialistic ‘perfect’ life everyone is now striving for. I have been focusing on the stereotypical childhood of a child in a more economically developed country, I have concluded that childhood has both progressed in a positive as well as negative way. But what about in other countries? How have their children’s childhood changed? In Asia children are used as slave labourers, and for what exactly? To fulfil the wants of others in more economically developed countries. Children are taken away from their families and made to work in sweatshops to produce the materialistic possessions that apparently have improved other children’s childhood so greatly. Children in these countries are made to grow up so quickly that it can be said they have no childhood at all, they are seen to be young adults, they have to; provide for their family, work before they are even given a proper or any education, the eldest children are made to care for their younger siblings, becoming parents before they even have children of their own. Seems childhood is slowly disintegrating our corrupt and colluded world has forgotten about its children that now even the child protection laws are no longer abided by.

Essay --

My background is a traditional literacy as I started with my research papers with arguments and making a point; and the following years with writing an essay or a term paper and other academic formal papers each week; and finally I have learned the truth that I did not love this activity, but it has taught me how to think in an organized manner. But reading taught me how to be a better writer and the amazing part is that technology contributed a major part to hone my reading and writing skills. I have learned to rely on the Internet for my researches and I knew that I could write creatively, or express my own opinion, in a manner more persuasive than working on it using the traditional literacy methods. Using the computer before was introduced to me as a tool for learning by educational games and computer programs, but as times passed the use of the computer for learning became the available tool for me that have cultivated my love for reading and writing. Blogging is writing which is a fun and great way to encourage creativity without any binding rules for a contemporary student like me that is full of emotions, arguments and ideas that I cannot express in formal academic writing. Integrating new literacy particularly technologically into the classroom is a smart move to implement a positive interaction with much gusto. At first, I thought that this major development would lead to my education’s trend towards reading and writing even less, but the new approach to literacy keeps me happy and comfortable, and even make me do logical and cohesive writing. Blogging is a useful tool for my inability to think critically and write persuasively. I do believe though that there is value in the traditional as well as the new literacy... ...al literacy might change the way we write and who we interact with. 21st century literacy involves not only reading and writing competency, but also involves technological ability to effectively engage in a technologically advanced world. I have learned to analyze text easily as well as analyzing multimedia such as images, sound and video, and understand how the appearance of print affects my understanding of ideas. My writing has become more concise on the Internet as I have the choice of my writing style such as a blog and regularly communicate with my peers. As I see the different effects of social media on all sectors of society, I also see a more disciplined future social media age and literacy activities by more students being aware of critical thinking in the decisions that they make in blogging or performing other forms of online written communication.